Werner Rings

Rings, Werner, Life with the Enemy: Collaboration and Resistance in Hitler’s Europe, 1939-45

Explores differing forms resistance can take through symbolism and speech and defensive support of those targeted by regime, as well as open ‘offensive’ resistance. Andrew Rigby has argued that creating autonomous organisations from below can be a sixth form of ‘constructive resistance’ that does not necessarily directly challenge the regime: Andrew Rigby, Palestinian Resistance and Nonviolence (E. V.A.3. Palestine) , pp. 3-6.